National & EU Policies & Strategies

This study employs the ELECTRE (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité - ELimination and Choice Expressing the REality) TRI-nC method to classify 27 EU Member States (MSs) regarding their governance in terms of EV technology promotion. Overall, financial incentives still have a big effect on EV deployment, since those countries with greater concern on this topic were generally better classified than the rest. Finally, charging infrastructures also play a critical role, either making or breaking the deployment of EVs, leading to the worst classification of MSs with very few charging points per 100 thousand urban inhabitants.

The 'fit for 55' package is a set of legislative proposals introduced by the European Union in July and December 2021 to achieve the European Climate Law objectives of climate neutrality by 2050 and a 55% reduction in net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. It includes 13 interlinked proposals to revise existing EU climate and energy laws and six new legislative proposals. The package covers various sectors, including transport, energy, and land use, and aims to accelerate emissions reductions through measures such as the EU emissions trading system (ETS), the Effort-sharing Regulation, and the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector. Key initiatives include stricter CO2 emission standards for new cars, the inclusion of maritime and road transport in the EU ETS, and the promotion of renewable energy and energy efficiency.

This document is a comprehensive legislative act from the Official Journal of the European Union, focusing on the regulation and management of batteries. It outlines detailed provisions addressing sustainability and safety requirements, labelling and marking standards, conformity assessments, and the obligations of economic operators. 

Additionally, it includes specific guidelines for the management of waste batteries and introduces the concept of a digital battery passport. The overarching purpose of this legislation is to promote the safe, sustainable, and efficient use of batteries within the European Union, ensuring environmental protection and fostering responsible industry practices.

The document is a proposal from the European Commission for a regulation by the European Parliament and the Council. The regulation focuses on circularity requirements for vehicle design and the management of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs).

The proposed regulation aims to modernize the EU's legislative framework for vehicle design and end-of-life management, promoting a circular economy and reducing the environmental footprint of the automotive sector. It introduces comprehensive requirements for vehicle manufacturers, waste management operators, and Member States to ensure sustainable practices throughout the vehicle lifecycle.

The Sustainable & Smart Mobility Strategy outlines the European Union's comprehensive strategy to transform its transport sector into a sustainable, smart, and resilient system. Recognising the critical role of mobility in economic and social life, the strategy aims to address the environmental and societal costs associated with transport, such as greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. By setting ambitious targets for 2030 and 2050, the EU seeks to significantly reduce emissions, enhance digitalisation, and ensure inclusive connectivity. This roadmap includes ten flagship areas with specific actions to modernise the transport sector, promote zero-emission vehicles, improve infrastructure, and foster innovation, all while ensuring that the transition is socially fair and just.

The European Green Deal, presented by the European Commission on December 11, 2019, outlines a comprehensive strategy to transform the European Union into a fair and prosperous society with a modern, resource-efficient, and competitive economy. This initiative aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, decouple economic growth from resource use, and protect the health and well-being of citizens. 

The Green Deal addresses urgent climate and environmental challenges, emphasising the need for a just and inclusive transition that involves all sectors of society. It also highlights the EU's role in leading global efforts to combat climate change and biodiversity loss, leveraging its influence, expertise, and financial resources to mobilise international cooperation.