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This study presents a smart EV charging infrastructure framework composed of a green power generation network, an energy storage network, and a charging network. The digital twin, as an enabling technology, is applied to realise essential smart features for the EV charging infrastructure, including cognisant, adaptive, taskable, and ethical. Based on the proposed smart charging station framework, we systematically review the existing digital twin implementations in the smart charging infrastructure.

The report describes the methodology of the Ecodesign process with a focus on environmental-, criticality- and circularity considerations concerning the RHODaS integrated motor drive (IMD). A Life cycle assessment (LCA) screening according to the ISO 14040/44 standard is performed for the environmental consideration. Within the project 30 % of the total IMD's Global Warming Potential (GWP) should be reduced. The methodology for circularity and criticality is roughly presented and still under development. Reference products and intended improved solutions, needed for later assessments, are described as far as possible. Furthermore, conceptual material/product selection matrixes, as part of the Ecodesign Guideline are presented.

Multi-Moby project, funded under H2020 n° 101006953, aims at developing technology for safe, efficient and affordable urban electric vehicles. The objective of the paper is to show the results achieved in relation to structural integrity and occupant protection in the first year of the project. In a first stage simulation tools have been used to optimise the vehicle structure crashworthiness at different crash configuration based on smart use of High Strength Steels focused to simplified and affordable manufacturing processes. Once the structural behaviour met requirements and expectations, the restraint system has been developed. After design optimisation, three vehicles have been prototyped to perform three crash tests, two of them frontal, corresponding to Regulation 137 and Regulation 94, and one lateral, corresponding to Regulation 95.

In this paper a new design model of the electric vehicle is presented. This model is based on the combination of Modelica with ModelCenter. Modelica has been used to model and simulate the electric vehicle and ModelCenter has been used to optimize the design variables. The model ensures that the requirements related to driving distance and acceleration are fulfilled.

This document, by the European Environment Agency (EEA), is a comprehensive report that examines the environmental impacts of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) throughout their entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to end-of-life processing.

This document, by the European Environment Agency (EEA), is a comprehensive report that examines the environmental impacts of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) throughout their entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to end-of-life processing.

In this document the work carried out as part of the HEFT project with regards to the deveopment of an ultra-light motor design for segment A+B. The multi-layer rotor topology makes possible to reduce de usage of permanent magnet leading to an important saving in the rare earth elements. Wave winding techcnology allows to develop compact and efficient stator. End winding length is reduced and high frequency losses are reduced in the copper. Involving all these techonologies a high power density motor is developed.
In this document the following issues will be covered:
1. Design Process (Design Methodology and Procedure to motor performances evaluation).
2. Preliminary sizing of the motor.
3. Optimization of the rotor
4. Continuous service evaluation.
5. Final performances evaluation and KPIs computation.

This position paper, published in December 2023 by the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA), addresses the European Commission's Proposal for a Regulation on circularity requirements for vehicle design and the management of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). 

The paper emphasizes the need for a harmonised legal framework across EU member states to reduce operating costs and deliver environmental benefits. It also highlights the importance of clarity, consistency, and a progressive approach aligned with technological advancements. Key topics include minimum recycled content targets, extended producer responsibility, circularity strategy, mandatory dismantling, and new type-approval requirements.

The introduction of active safety systems and advanced driver assistance systems has enhanced the control authority over the vehicle dynamics through specialized actuators, enabling, for instance, independent wheel torque control. During emergency situations, these systems step in to aid the driver by limiting vehicle response to a stable and controllable range of low longitudinal tire slips and slip angles. This approach makes vehicle behavior predictable and manageable for the average human driver; however, it is conservative in case of driving automation. In fact, past research has shown that exceeding the operational boundaries of conventional active safety systems enables trajectories that are otherwise unattainable. 

This paper presents a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) for path tracking (PT), which integrates steering, front-to-total longitudinal tire force distribution, and direct yaw moment actuation, and can operate beyond the limit of handling, e.g., to induce drift, if this is beneficial to PT. Simulation results of emergency conditions in an intersection scenario highlight that the proposed solution provides significant safety improvements, when compared to the concurrent operation of PT algorithms and the current generation of vehicle stability controllers.

This study provides an up-to-date expert assessment and comparison between the life cycle’s carbon footprint of battery electric and internal combustion engine passenger cars. It presents evidence from the literature and from life cycle assessment modelling and concludes with policy recommendations. The analysis includes sensitivities, regional variations for six Member States, and also the effects of technical and legislative development on the potential outlook up to 2050.