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This paper presents a fast and accurate state-space model for synchronous machines taking into consideration the machine geometry, material non-linearities and core losses. The model is first constructed by storing the solutions of multiple static finite element (FE) simulations into lookup-tables (LUTs) to express the stator flux linkages as functions of the state variables, i.e., the winding currents and the rotor position. Different approaches are discussed to include the core loss into the model. A novel approach is presented for constructing a pre-computed LUT for the core loss as a function of the state variables and their time derivatives so that the loss can be directly interpolated when time-stepping the state-space model. The Simulink implementation of the proposed core-loss model shows a good match with time-stepping FE results with a 120-fold speedup in computation. In addition, comparison against calorimetric loss measurements for a 150-kVA machine operating under both sinusoidal and pulse-width modulated voltage supplies is presented to validate the model accuracy.

This document describes fault-tolerant control strategies for the SiC/GaN power converter and the eMotor of the RHODaS integrated motor drive (IMD). It outlines control levels within the proposed IMD, details fast response strategies for critical faults managed by the power converter control and defines fault-tolerant control to be implemented by cloud/edge computing for the IMD. The document also addresses potential faults in the power converter and electric motor, discussing feasible fault detection strategies.

The 'fit for 55' package is a set of legislative proposals introduced by the European Union in July and December 2021 to achieve the European Climate Law objectives of climate neutrality by 2050 and a 55% reduction in net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. It includes 13 interlinked proposals to revise existing EU climate and energy laws and six new legislative proposals. The package covers various sectors, including transport, energy, and land use, and aims to accelerate emissions reductions through measures such as the EU emissions trading system (ETS), the Effort-sharing Regulation, and the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector. Key initiatives include stricter CO2 emission standards for new cars, the inclusion of maritime and road transport in the EU ETS, and the promotion of renewable energy and energy efficiency.

Modern Smart Grids are complex systems incorporating physical components like distributed energy resources and storage, along with cyber components for advanced control, networking, and monitoring. This study proposes an integrated methodology for risk prioritization and failure mode classification into low, moderate and high-risk faults using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) together with Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Deep Learning algorithms. The results demonstrate that, especially in complex systems like Smart Microgrids, the proposed method more accurately captures the coupling relationships between failure modes compared to the conventional FMEA method.

Hairpin windings are often applied in propulsion motors of electrical vehicles. There are several reasons supporting the technology. In mass production, hairpin winding work can be effectively automated, rectangular conductors offer a high copper space factor, a relatively simple structure and improved thermal management capability. However, due to additional AC losses generated at higher operating speed, there is a risk of local hot spots within the stator slot region, which might lead to overheating risk and insulation damage. There is also a growing interest to produce higher and higher specific power machines. Therefore, a new cooling concept is proposed that further improves the thermal management of the hairpin winding and allows to increase the specific power of the machine. The proposed method is based on direct oil cooling (DOC) through the channel of the hollow conductor. Special inlets and outlets in each hairpin coil are arranged. Comparison of the proposed cooling arrangement with the traditional cooling of machine with hairpin winding is provided by applying finite element method (FEM).

This paper presents a new gate-driving profile to mitigate the switching issues caused by high-speed operation of GaN transistors in on-off transitions. The concept consists of modifying the primary PWM signal applied to the GaN transistors to an appropriate voltage profile, which changes the gate-source voltage behaviour in the critical stage of the GaN transitions. The gate-driving concept is evaluated on LTspice, and the results show the reduction of ringing and overshoots when applying the proposal while maintaining tolerable power losses.

In this document it details the work carried out in the HEFT project with regards to the objective of improving SiC-based drive control to reduce powertrain losses and improve EV range. The following issues will be covered:
1. Online variable switching frequency control strategy to optimize drive operation and reduce inverter and motor losses.
2. Optimal flux operation point to increase motor efficiency.
3. Improved powertrain thermal management strategy.
 

All these control aspects will be used in both A+B segment motor and C+D+E segment motor, as control strategy is the same for both motors that will be designed in HEFT project (only some parameters’ tunning need to be modified). Therefore, as use case, A+B segment motor has been selected, because this motor has already been designed. However, some preliminary results regarding C+D+E segment motor are also shown in this deliverable (this motor is still under development) to show that the proposed control strategy is valid for any IPMSM.

The European automotive industry has long been a global leader, contributing €1 trillion to GDP and employing 13 million people, but it now faces a rapid transformation driven by the shift to clean mobility, digitalisation, and automation. With one in five cars sold globally in 2024 being electric, the sector must adapt to new technologies like AI, software, and connectivity while addressing challenges such as supply chain dependencies, talent shortages, and intense global competition. To secure its competitiveness and maintain a strong production base, the EU has launched an Action Plan, building on extensive industry consultations. This plan outlines concrete measures across five key areas: innovation and digitalisation, clean mobility, supply chain resilience, skills development, and a fair business environment, ensuring that Europe remains at the forefront of the automotive industry’s future.

A comparison between different slot/pole combinations of axial flux electric machines is presented in this poster. The main objective is to classify these structures according to torque density and electromagnetic performance, based on the specifications of a medium-sized electric car. The study is carried out using 3D-FEA calculations.

This paper derives and discusses the superiority of a simple dc-link capacitor voltage control configuration for multilevel neutral-point-clamped converters with any number of levels. The control involves n − 2 control loops regulating the difference between the voltage of neighbor capacitors. These control loops are inherently decoupled, i.e., they are independent and the control action of one loop does not affect the others. This method is proven to be equivalent to previously published approaches, with the added advantages of increased simplicity and scalability to a higher number of levels, all while imposing a lower computational burden. The good performance of such control is confirmed through simulations and experiments.