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Modern Smart Grids are complex systems incorporating physical components like distributed energy resources and storage, along with cyber components for advanced control, networking, and monitoring. This study proposes an integrated methodology for risk prioritization and failure mode classification into low, moderate and high-risk faults using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) together with Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Deep Learning algorithms. The results demonstrate that, especially in complex systems like Smart Microgrids, the proposed method more accurately captures the coupling relationships between failure modes compared to the conventional FMEA method.

Hairpin windings are often applied in propulsion motors of electrical vehicles. There are several reasons supporting the technology. In mass production, hairpin winding work can be effectively automated, rectangular conductors offer a high copper space factor, a relatively simple structure and improved thermal management capability. However, due to additional AC losses generated at higher operating speed, there is a risk of local hot spots within the stator slot region, which might lead to overheating risk and insulation damage. There is also a growing interest to produce higher and higher specific power machines. Therefore, a new cooling concept is proposed that further improves the thermal management of the hairpin winding and allows to increase the specific power of the machine. The proposed method is based on direct oil cooling (DOC) through the channel of the hollow conductor. Special inlets and outlets in each hairpin coil are arranged. Comparison of the proposed cooling arrangement with the traditional cooling of machine with hairpin winding is provided by applying finite element method (FEM).

In this document it details the work carried out in the HEFT project with regards to the objective of improving SiC-based drive control to reduce powertrain losses and improve EV range. The following issues will be covered:
1. Online variable switching frequency control strategy to optimize drive operation and reduce inverter and motor losses.
2. Optimal flux operation point to increase motor efficiency.
3. Improved powertrain thermal management strategy.
 

All these control aspects will be used in both A+B segment motor and C+D+E segment motor, as control strategy is the same for both motors that will be designed in HEFT project (only some parameters’ tunning need to be modified). Therefore, as use case, A+B segment motor has been selected, because this motor has already been designed. However, some preliminary results regarding C+D+E segment motor are also shown in this deliverable (this motor is still under development) to show that the proposed control strategy is valid for any IPMSM.

The European automotive industry has long been a global leader, contributing €1 trillion to GDP and employing 13 million people, but it now faces a rapid transformation driven by the shift to clean mobility, digitalisation, and automation. With one in five cars sold globally in 2024 being electric, the sector must adapt to new technologies like AI, software, and connectivity while addressing challenges such as supply chain dependencies, talent shortages, and intense global competition. To secure its competitiveness and maintain a strong production base, the EU has launched an Action Plan, building on extensive industry consultations. This plan outlines concrete measures across five key areas: innovation and digitalisation, clean mobility, supply chain resilience, skills development, and a fair business environment, ensuring that Europe remains at the forefront of the automotive industry’s future.

A comparison between different slot/pole combinations of axial flux electric machines is presented in this poster. The main objective is to classify these structures according to torque density and electromagnetic performance, based on the specifications of a medium-sized electric car. The study is carried out using 3D-FEA calculations.

This paper derives and discusses the superiority of a simple dc-link capacitor voltage control configuration for multilevel neutral-point-clamped converters with any number of levels. The control involves n − 2 control loops regulating the difference between the voltage of neighbor capacitors. These control loops are inherently decoupled, i.e., they are independent and the control action of one loop does not affect the others. This method is proven to be equivalent to previously published approaches, with the added advantages of increased simplicity and scalability to a higher number of levels, all while imposing a lower computational burden. The good performance of such control is confirmed through simulations and experiments.

This paper outlines the main innovations of the EM-TECH and HighScape projects, targeting a wide range of vehicle applications, including passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Specifically, EM-TECH deals with: i) modular designs of on-board axial flux machines (AFMs) for reducing the implementation costs of scalable centralised powertrains for electric axle (e-Axle) solutions; ii) in-wheel motors (IWMs) integrated with electric gearing, for expanding the high efficiency region of electric corner (e-Corner) powertrains; and iii) the use of permanent magnets deriving from recycling processes to improve sustainability. In parallel, HighScape targets the physical and functional integration of the PE of WBG based traction inverters, onboard chargers, DC/DC converters, and electric drives for auxiliaries and actuators.

The report details the results related to the design, fabrication and validation of the compact power modules, including active switches, gate drivers and auxiliary electronics, at a laboratory level conducted as part of the RHODaS project. Thermal degradation and undesirable electrical effects are also studied and presented.

As the growth in electric vehicle (EV) chargers continues to push research towards compact and efficient power converters, high-frequency magnetic designs become pivotal. However, they introduce new challenges related to excessive magnetic losses and adverse parasitic components. Using planar transformers with PCB windings can address these by offering good heat dissipation, low losses, and controlled parasitics. Furthermore, interleaved winding configurations can circumvent traditional design trade-offs. Therefore, this paper presents a planar transformer design using PCB windings with novel interleaving and design aspects to minimise the losses and parasitic components of the high-frequency transformer. It aims to achieve an optimal balance between the trade-offs whilst ensuring compatibility with the target converter’s requirements and cooling system. The proposed anti-symmetrical interleaving achieves a drastic reduction of factor 8.6 in interwinding capacitance compared to conventional full-interleaving combined with low winding losses. The paper provides extensive comparison studies of different interleaving types, supported by thorough finite element simulations. The resulting design approach is applied to a 4 kW isolated dc-dc converter for level-1 EV charging. Finally, different prototypes are built and extensively characterised and validated for implementation in the EV charger. The resulting transformer features a gravimetric and volumetric power density of 15.1 kW/kg and 76.4 kW/l, respectively

The Global EV Outlook is an annual publication that identifies and assesses recent developments in electric mobility across the globe. It is developed with the support of members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI). 

Combining analysis of historical data with projections – now extended to 2035 – the reports examine key areas of interest such as the deployment of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, battery demand, investment trends, and related policy developments in major and emerging markets. It also considers what wider EV adoption means for electricity and oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.